Based on locomotory organelles, they are divided into four classes. Animal relatives are thought to be their ancestors. Describe briefly the four major groups of protozoa.Īns: Protozoans are all heterotrophic, meaning they exist as predators or parasites. They can infect both plants and mammals.Ħ. Viruses have four forms of genetic material: double-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA, and single-stranded RNA. Viruses, on the other hand, have genetic material that is protected by a protein or lipoprotein coat. They don't have a capsid and don't have any proteins attached to them. How are viroids different from viruses?Īns: Viroids are the tiniest known infectious disease pathogens, consisting of a single-stranded RNA molecule. These phytoplanktonic blooms are thought to be caused by nutrient-rich inputs from the land, upwelling oceanic waters, and the activation of cyst-like structures on the seabed.ĥ. Some dinoflagellates, such as Gonyaulax, create toxins that can harm fish and invertebrates or accumulate in the food chain, providing a risk to humans who consume shellfish and other seafood. Because of the high concentration of photosynthetic accessory pigments, red tides are generated by a sudden, often dangerous growth of marine phytoplankton, particularly dinoflagellates, which color the seared, brown, or yellowish. Agricultural fertilizers, which are leached - into water systems from the soil, or sewage effluent could be the source of increasing nitrate. A rise in nitrate levels, a mineral ion required for algal and bacterial growth, causes algal blooms. The creatures’ density may prevent light from reaching lower depths in the water body. Find out what do the terms ‘algal bloom’ and ‘red tides’ signify?Īns: An algal bloom is a fast growth in populations of algae and other phytoplankton, particularly cyanobacteria, in organically rich water bodies. It may extend for hundreds of meters in some regions, from which it can be mined.Ĥ. They generate large mounds of diatomite or diatomaceous earth at the bottom of water reservoirs. Diatoms' siliceous frustules are resistant to degradation. Fine patterns, pits, pores, and ridges can be found on the outer layer. Epitheca refers to the upper half (lid), whereas hypotheca refers to the lower half (case). It is made up of two overlapping halves (or theca) that fit together like the two halves of a soapbox or a petri dish. The cell wall is primarily made up of cellulose that has been impregnated with glass, similar to silica. What is the nature of cell walls in diatoms?Īns: Diatoms' cell walls are known as frustules. Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and other bacteria are utilized in the production of serum, vaccines, vitamins, enzymes, antibiotics, and other products.Īrchaebacteria are used to produce gobar gas from manure and sewage, and they cause cellulose fermentation in ruminants.Īrchaebacteria can be found in the guts of ruminants like cows and buffaloes, and they aid in digestion.ģ. Symbiotic bacteria aid in nitrogen-fixing in the atmosphere.īacteria are used in the manufacturing of lactic acid, curd, cheese, butter, vinegar, and other industrial products. They also assist with sewage disposal, manure production, and other tasks. (a) Heterotrophic bacteria (b) ArchaebacteriaĪns: Some heterotrophic bacteria are decomposers they are used as natural scavengers, decomposing dead bodies and organic wastes to release raw resources, allowing organic matter to be reused. State two economically important uses of: It uses cytotaxonomy, chemotaxonomy, numerical taxonomy, and cladistic taxonomy to classify organisms.Ģ. Following that, creatures were categorized using a phylogenetic framework based on evolutionary links. Morphology, anatomy, physiology, reproduction, ontogeny, cytochemistry, and other factors were used to classify organisms back then. Aquatic (fish, whales), terrestrial (reptiles, cattle), and aerial (birds) are examples (e.g., bat, birds). Previously, Aristotle developed an artificial classification system that classified animals and plants according to their habitat. Scientists have developed various classification systems, which have undergone several revisions over time. Discuss how classification systems have undergone several changes over some time?Īns: Biological categorization is the scientific method of grouping organisms into hierarchical groups and subgroups based on their similarities and differences.
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